Rice has become a regular food for 3 billion people of this world which is around half of the global population. Rice contributes healthy for boosting the regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and per capita income. About 89% of total global rice production is obtained from south Asian countries. The contribution of China is the highest by producing 148 million metric tons which accounts for 30% of total rice produced globally while India was second with 166.42 million metric tons. Rice crop is very sensitive to climatic hazards and may be attacked by a large variety of insects e.g., yellow, white, pink stem borers, plant hoppers and buttles which finally leads to severe decline to productivity. The pest attacks are highly dependent upon local environmental factors e.g., temperature, humidity and rainfall etc. We incorporated temperature to examine the behavior of Yellow Stem Borer (YSB) at various temperature levels and demarcated hotspots which required pesticides throughout the life cycle of YSB. We obtained thermal datasets of Landsat 8 satellites and computed pixel-based temperature values to demarcate zones likely to be under pest attacks. These zones were mapped on the basis of real-time field observations obtained by installation of light trap into the rice fields. The results show that farmer need to adopt new technologies which will reduce the cost of pesticides by their application in vulnerable sites only. Remotely sensed dataset provided promising results.

Lago Grande and Lago Piccolo are famous species of Monticchio (Monticchio Lakes) that lie in the collapsed caldera of the volcanic structure of Mt. Vulture (Southern Italy). The entire lake area is the part of the "Monte Vulture" Special Area of Conservation (SAC IT9210210, site code in Natura2000 Network). The main purpose of this research was to verify the expansion of these two species in Lago Grande of Monticchio: Nymphaea alba L., in the Habitat 3150, and Taxodium distichum (L.) which is rich in the Habitat 91E0* (Habitat codes in Directive 92/43/EEC). Multitemporal analysis of aerial Red-Green-Blue (RGB) photographs were acquired for the years 2002 to 2015 to identify a continuous increase of the laminate of N. alba. The evolution of T. distichum which has been analyzed using multi-temporal images, documents and Sentinel-2 remotely sensed datasets. In first, the N.alba population was observed with increasing its span upto 30 percent of the lake area. In 2011, it occurred emissary obstruction. From this year, the specie population was declines up to 24 percent of the lake area. The large surface area occupied by the laminate can bring about to a considerable reduction of the characteristic species of Habitat 3150. In 2017, T. distichum has expanded over an area of 8047 square meters. The evolution of this species reveals the risk of habitat 91E0*reduction with consequences on the population of the moth Brahmaea (Acanthobrahmaea) europaea Hartig and an Italian endemic species with an exceedingly restricted distribution. The working methodology is based upon combination of different informative source (satellite images, multitemporal airborne images and historical datasets) to identifying vegetation dynamics occurred in hydrophytic vegetation, wetlands and riparian habitat of Lago Grande of Monticchio.